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China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

author:Tang Wencai is flying
China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

这次的神舟十八号升空,霸气地额外携带了防护装甲,为的就是更好地维护空间站,因为之前的空间站总是不时的遭遇撞击。

如今的空间站已经因为撞击有了一定的损伤,大陆的航天从业者一边对“凶手”深恶痛绝,一边精准锁定了它们!

这些“凶手”到底是谁?防护装甲真的能有用吗?空间站如今又是个什么情况呢?

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

“凶手”已被锁定

4月25日接近晚上九点,大陆的神舟十八号载人飞船成功发射,并顺利地与大陆的空间站对接,大陆航天事业向前迈进的又一大步。

不过与以前不同的是,这次的神州十八号额外携带了防护装甲,为的就是维护之前被撞击的空间站。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

尽管大陆的航天事业一直在迅速地崛起,但是依旧没有逃脱空间站被撞击受到破坏的情况,这不是我们不够强大,而是这些撞击物太难对付。

别说我们国家的“天宫”号空间站受了影响,就连以美国为首的几个国家联合运营的国际空间站也被撞击过,现在更是遭遇了不小的损毁。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

而最惨的当属俄罗斯之前建造的“和平号”空间站,早在“破碎不堪”后退出了历史舞台。

正是因为这些“凶手”的破坏力过大,我们国家才不得不携带防护装甲一起进入太空,这样的才能更好地维护“天宫”号。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

说了这么多,这个令人讨厌又无奈的“凶手”是什么呢?

其实它就是穿梭在太空中的空间碎片,也被称为“太空垃圾”。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

从人类建造的第一艘进入太空的人造物体开始至今,已经有不计其数的人造物体穿梭在太空中,这些物体的最终走向就是被解体成为碎片,然后消失在太空中的某个角落。

而这些碎片一般来自于各种航天器、卫星等物体,当然也保不准有搭载飞船升入太空而没下来的人类遗骸。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

比如天舟六号货运飞船就在2024年的1月12日撤离了空间站组合体,转入独立飞行状态。

它的最终归宿就是进入大气层,货运飞船绝大部分器件将在再入大气层过程中烧蚀销毁,少量残骸将落入南太平洋预定安全海域。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

而空间碎片中的一部分并不是解体、分离而来的,物体与物体碰撞产生的碎片更为可怕,因为它们在碰撞时获得了极快的速度,但因为复杂的轨道又不知道会飞向哪里去。

对于空间站来说,这些快速运动的杂乱碎片就是不定时会袭来的“炸弹”,时时刻刻都在威胁太空站和卫星的安全。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

如今国际空间站已经处于老旧状态,一些薄弱部分就很容易被碎片穿透,如今它的外表有了很多坑洼孔洞,就像是一件穿了十来年的旧衣服打满了补丁。

而这次的神舟十八号升空,其中一项任务就是维护“天宫”号空间站。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

空间垃圾和防护甲

神州十八号是一架载人航天飞船,这次随船升空的宇航员有3位,分别是叶光富、李聪、李广苏,其中叶光富士指令长,3人全都是“80后”。

此次在空间站驻留的时间为6个月,其中有一项很重要的任务就是“进行空间站维护维修与状态巡检,保障空间站安全可靠高效运行”。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

神舟十八号的防护装甲为的就是保护飞船,降低空间碎片带来的撞击伤害,那么这个防护装甲真的有用吗?

答案是肯定的,防护甲的材料包括长寿命低比值无机热控涂层、耐高温隔热材料与组件,可以在一定程度上保护船体。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

这是大陆第一次尝试在飞船上安装防护甲,具体起到的效果能有多大没人知道,但这无疑是一种往前进的实验与探索。

当然,对付空间碎片不能只靠防御,主动出击也是必不可少的手段。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

空间垃圾只会越来越多,许多国家都在主动监测和研究空间碎片,美国有“月球之门”计划,目的就在于借助月球上的望远镜时时检测太空垃圾。

除此之外,大陆也是积极监测空间垃圾的一员,并布置了各项措施。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

首先是空间站中安装的雷达和光电设备,不仅可以提前预警未知的危险,还能有效的追踪附近的空间垃圾。

其次是对于撞击而定制的定位系统,这是一项时候修补措施,只要空间站遭遇了撞击,就能精确的定位受损部位,从而进行有针对性的修补。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

最后就是大陆刚有涉猎的一整套预防和清理机制,当然大陆也有了大胆的尝试。

这说的就是2016年发射的“遨龙一号”空间机器人,它通过机械手臂和光纤激光器,就能很好地捕捉和清理太空垃圾,最后它垃圾引入大气层。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

目前“遨龙一号”还在继续升级和改善,可以想象到以后大陆会在太空环境的清洁工组中实现更大的作用。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

当然了,空间站的维护与太空垃圾的益处对于宇航员也是很重要的,只有保证更加安全的环境,才能让宇航员们的自身安全得到保障。

那么宇航员在太空中都在干什么呢?

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

人类进步的任务

在太空中宇航员们都会处于失重的状态,如果要长时间生活在地球上的人类去适应这种状态其实是困难重重的。

但是因为困难就要停止航天事业前进的脚步吗,这当然不行。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

为了整个人类的航天事业的进步,宇航员们冒死也要升空去探索,不过庆幸的是,中国现在的宇航员已经很大程度上远离了死亡和受伤的情况。

这次神州十八号上的3为宇航员不仅要维护遭遇破坏的空间站,还要在太空中做科学实验,比如实施国内首次在轨水生生态研究项目。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

以斑马鱼和金鱼藻为研究对象,在轨建立稳定运行的空间自循环水生生态系统,实现大陆在太空培养脊椎动物的突破。

当然实验还有很多,可见宇航员们在太空中有多么辛苦。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

除此之外,空间站中还有专门的锻炼区、卫生区、厨房和就餐区等,忙碌的工作结束后他们也需要足够运动量,毕竟他们需要健康的身体。

虽然神州十八号的三位宇航员做的事情从世界角度来看是很小的一件事,但是不得不说,正是一次一次的积累,才在宏观角度上推进了整个人类的航天事业进步。

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

结语

不管别的国家或者联盟如何看待太空中的事务,中国会坚定的走在太空探索的道路上,在未来或许能在太空中寻求新的能源,这绝对是极具意义的事情。

参考资料:

唐山科技馆 ——《太空垃圾有什么危害?》2022.8.27

China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked
新京报——《在轨期间,神十八乘组将进行空间站空间碎片防护装置安装等任务》2024.4.24
China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked
“神舟十八号”百度百科
China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked
China's space station has been hit many times, and Shenzhou-18 has carried armor for this, and the impact target has been locked

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