In the first month of the 43rd year of Qianlong, after reading the records of the Qing Dynasty, Qianlong suddenly summoned the princes and ministers to enter the palace and issued an edict of 1,500 words in public to rehabilitate Zhaoxue for Dolgon, who had suffered an injustice in vain. Qianlong, who has always prided himself on being shrewd, why did he overturn the case for Dolgon, the "first thief" of the Qing Dynasty, two hundred years later, and what is the meaning behind this?
Dolgon
Dolgon loyally proclaimed Fulin as emperor
On August 8, the eighth year of Chongde, Huang Taiji died suddenly on the dragon couch in Shengjing City due to a stroke, and because he did not leave any legacy during his lifetime, the throne suddenly fell into the void. At this time, the Qing Dynasty had not yet established the primogeniture inheritance system, and all the owners of the Eight Banners enjoyed the right to inherit the throne.
After a series of competitions within the Eight Banners, the final contradiction gathered between Dolgon and Hauge, according to the division of forces at that time, Dolgon relied on the strong support of Duoduo and Azig to obtain the full help of the two white flags. Because Haoge Fang has gathered the supreme support of Daishan and Zilharang, and at the same time has mastered the dominance of the Four Banners, it is completely uncompromising in terms of strength, and a fierce battle for the throne is about to be staged.
Huang Taiji suffered a stroke due to obesity
On the seventh day after Huang Taiji's death, it was decided within the clan to convene a political meeting that would determine the final ownership of the throne. At the meeting, Dai Shan took the lead in speaking as the patriarch, asking the Eight Banners to unanimously support Haoge as the emperor, and Zilharang also echoed it to show his help.
Thinking that the overall situation was decided, Hauge followed the example of his father, Emperor Taiji, first expressing humility and courtesy, and then resolutely leaving the table in full view of everyone. This humble concession directly triggered a series of chain reactions, and Dordor, seeing that Hauge was self-defeating, took advantage of the situation to propose that seniority should be based on military merit, and urged Dorgon to ascend the throne.
Sony was adamantly opposed to Dolgon's succession
As soon as Duoduo's words fell, the two yellow flag soldiers suddenly drew their swords and shouted to the kings present: We are all the first emperor's hand-to-hand pull, just like the grace of parenting, if we don't establish the son of the first emperor, then we have to commit suicide collectively, in order to live up to the spirit of the first emperor in the sky.
A tense atmosphere was sweeping through the venue, which undoubtedly caused the kings present to panic, and Daishan and Azig scrambled to flee the venue, leaving only Dorgon and Dodor in astonishment.
Faced with this sudden shocking scene, Dordor did not know how to respond, so he had to pin all his hopes on Dorgon. At this critical moment, Dolgon did not choose to covet the throne, but took the overall situation into consideration and proposed to support Fulin as emperor.
The Nine Kings (Dolgon) should say: Your words are true, and the King of Hukou has no intention of retiring and has no intention of succession, so he should be the ninth son of the emperor. And at a young age, I and the right true king (Zilharang), share half of it, the left and right auxiliary government, and return to the government immediately after getting older. Swear to the heavens and stop the clouds. Shen Pavilion Records
As a far-sighted statesman, Dolgon was not thinking about the ownership of the throne, but about the future direction of the Qing Dynasty. If he insists on competing with the two yellow flags, then the Qing Dynasty will fall into a fratricidal chaos before entering the customs, and how can he realize the great ambition of chasing the Central Plains?
Portrait of Dolgon
Therefore, although the succession of Shunzhi was a last resort, it was a loyal wish from Dorgon's heart. In this way, it can not only balance the forces of various banners, but also control the regency power, and it can be said that there are all benefits and no harm in public and private.
Dorgon severely punished the prince who despised Shunzhi
After agreeing on the final regent, Emperor Shunzhi ascended the throne under the support of the Eight Banners, but the new monarch was still young, and how to prevent the imperial power from being trampled on became Dorgon's greatest concern.
In order to prevent Shunzhi from being bullied by the kings, Dolgon specially called on the members of the clan to swear together, if anyone dared to defy the emperor's young age and overstep his power in private, he would be condemned by heaven and die a short life.
However, even such a solemn oath has always been disobeyed. When moving the capital to Yanjing, Jierharang forcibly placed the blue flag in the back of his back, so that it was on a par with the two yellow flags of Shunzhi, and he did not take the imperial power into account at all. In the face of Zilharang's transgression, the kings and ministers begged Dolgon to be lenient on the principle of forgiveness, but Dolgon relieved Zilharang of the title of Prince Zheng on the grounds of the inviolability of imperial power.
The two yellow flags are the first of the eight flags
Of course, the iron-masked Judge Dorgon not only targeted his political opponents, but also his own brothers. In the process of the Qing Dynasty's pursuit of the Central Plains and the unification of the world, both Duoduo and Azig made immortal achievements, and according to the Manchurian tradition of advocating bravery, military merit was the only criterion for measuring political status.
Therefore, these two people relied on their military merits to humiliate Shunzhi in every way, and even directly called her "erector". Such a blatant provocation aroused Dorgon's high alarm, and if even his own brothers were so contemptuous of imperial power, then the others would be even more unscrupulous.
In order to secure the throne of Shunzhi and lock all threats to the imperial power in a cage, Dolgon did not hesitate to severely punish his compatriots and siblings, Azig was demoted to a knighthood and fined silver, and Duoduo was deprived of 5 oxels. After this series of righteous acts of killing relatives, the doubts in the court were calmed down.
Dord
By severely punishing his own brother who defied imperial power, but vigorously promoting his political opponents who supported Shunzhi, Dolgon's loyalty has reached the point where the sun and the moon can be seen. In the previous battle for the throne, the two Yellow Banner ministers had sworn to oppose Dolgon's claim to the emperor, but when Dolgon took the regent's power, instead of taking advantage of the situation to retaliate, he also repaid his grievances with virtue and promoted him regardless of his previous suspicions.
From now on, those who are loyal to the emperor will be loved by them, and those who are not loyal to the emperor will be flattered and disrespected. "Records of Qing Shizu"
It is not difficult to see that all the courtiers who are loyal to Shunzhi, whether they have opposed him or not, Dolgon will always use them, and if they show the slightest disobedience to the emperor, even if they are flattering themselves, they will resolutely abandon them. Dolgon knew that the Qing Dynasty had not been in the customs for a long time, and it was in urgent need of a solid foundation, and if the imperial power, which symbolized the Mandate of Heaven, was difficult to maintain, then the bloody battle would collapse in an instant. Therefore, to maintain the imperial rule of Emperor Shunzhi is to stabilize the Qing Dynasty's Jiangshan Sheji, which is Dolgon's policy after the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs.
There was no way Dorgon was plotting a rebellion
On the ninth day of December in the seventh year of Shunzhi, Dolgon was on his way out to surround the city, and he was in the city of Kara outside the Gubei mouth. This was welcome news for his political opponents, and the long-dormant Zilharan began to stir up the desire to reclaim the long-lost regency power.
In the second month after Dolgon's death, Zilharang rebelled against two white flag ministers, Sukh Saha, Ho Luohui and others came out to accuse and expose the regent's great rebellion, the most serious of which was the creation of dragon robes.
Emperor Shunzhi did not do anything more, but he mistakenly believed the smear attack of his political enemies, and in order to take revenge on this uncle who had misconspiracy, he first reported his crimes to the world, and then destroyed the newly built mausoleum. But as time passed, Emperor Shunzhi had been tempered in political affairs for a long time, knew the basic logic of political operation, and gradually became sophisticated, and began to express doubts about Dolgon's conspiracy against the case, how could his loyal uncle evolve into a thief who plotted to usurp the throne overnight?
Emperor Shunzhi
It was also in this repeated entanglement that Shunzhi was determined to overturn his previous actions, sent special personnel to repair the Dolgon mausoleum, and restored the old black decoration.
The former tomb of King Rui, because of Yi's sin, was abolished, which seems to be too much. The doors and walls of his house were repaired, and the pillars were black, and the king of the county was ordered to guard them. "Records of Qing Shizu"
In fact, after the Hauge design was imprisoned, Dorgon took advantage of the situation to embezzle the Blue Banner and officially became the owner of the Three Banners. It happened that Dai Shan died of illness at this time, and his children and grandchildren inherited the position of two Red Banner Bannermen, both of whom had always been Dolgon's Iron Party. In this way, Dolgon mastered the five banners of two white, two red, and blue at the same time, and if he wanted to replace Shunzhi, it would be as light as picking up things.
Qianlong insisted on rehabilitating Dolgon
It is precisely because of this that more than 100 years later, in the prosperous era of Qianlong, when Qianlong was looking through the history books of the previous dynasties, he noticed that there were many loopholes in the Dolgon case, so he decisively reversed the case.
Qianlong: At that time, Emperor Zuzhang was still in his prime, and he had never tried to be in power. If the king of Furui has different ambitions, then the military power is in his hands, and he can't do anything, but he doesn't take advantage of it at that time. until after his death. Is it reasonable to use the Ming Huanglonggon as evidence of covetousness?
As Qianlong said, why didn't Dolgon take advantage of the situation to abolish Shunzhi and ascend the throne with the support of the majority within the Eight Banners. On the contrary, after his death, the yellow dragon costume he wore at the time of burial was recognized as evidence of his plot to usurp the throne, and all these ceremonial regulations were not discussed by the courtiers? Therefore, the anti-thief hat that Dolgon was put on after his death was entirely the result of the redistribution of political power. First of all, if Zilharang and the Two Yellow Banners wanted to regain the regency power, they were bound to pursue and attack the Dolgon clique and take back all the important positions they occupied, and it was inevitable that many crimes would be created in the process; secondly, at the beginning of the Shunzhi pro-government, they had to rely on the power of the clan and nobles to maintain their rule, so they had to let Zilharang and others act recklessly and frame Zhongliang, and after several years of pro-government, they found that there was a big problem in this case, so they sent people to repair Dolgon's mausoleum to show repentance.
Conclusion:
In less than two months after his death, Dolgon degenerated from a contemporary Zhou Duke to a sinner through the ages, and there was no substantial evidence of such a dramatic conflict of ups and downs, and there was obviously a great grievance. Although Emperor Shunzhi noticed the clues, due to the oppression of the two yellow flags, Sonny and others, he had to close the coffin. More than 100 years later, the Qianlong Dynasty coincided with a prosperous era that had not been encountered in a century, with national prosperity and social stability. As Qianlong said: Prince Rui led the people into the customs and became the great cause of unification, and the most outstanding achievements. The evaluation of the first hero of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, Dolgon deserves it!